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Tipping Point Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning Resources

Tipping Point has used feminist and developmental monitoring, evaluation and learning alongside a cluster randomized control trial to generate evidence and learning on root causes of and solutions for addressing child, early and forced marriage. The resources below contain the results of Tipping Point’s research as well as the monitoring and evaluation tools.

Phase 2 Monitoring and Evaluation Tools

Tipping Point Adolescent Empowerment Index

Tipping Point, in collaboration with Bangladesh’s International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research (icddr,b), developed and tested the Tipping Point Adolescent Empowerment Index, to strengthen and standardize the measurement of various components of adolescent empowerment in our programs.

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Tipping Point Phase 2 Theory of Change

Tipping Point Phase 2 Theory of Change (ToC) outlines the pathways through which synchronized engagement with girls and boys, parents, and community members strengthens adolescent girl empowerment and reduces child marriage. The ToC was developed based on learnings from Phase 1 of the project and the existing research and programmatic evidence on how social and gender norms. drive adolescents’ lives in the contexts of Nepal and Bangladesh.

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Tipping Point Phase 2 Research Design

Program impact is being evaluated utilizing a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. The evaluation will assess outcomes of social norms linked to CEFM, girls’ decision-making power over major life decisions (marriage, mobility, education, health - including ASRHR), girls’ fulfillment of sexual and reproductive health and rights, and their collective activism for their rights. In Nepal, the evaluation will include a boys’ survey, including modules on boys’ rights and hegemonic masculinity. This evaluation has been designed to contribute to the research base on CEFM and thus the broader discourse on adolescent girls’ rights by generating evidence on the effectiveness of holistic gender equal programming and understanding the potential value-add of social norms focused programming.

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Tipping Point Phase 2 Results Framework

The Tipping Point Phase 2 Results Framework demonstrates the indicators measured to assess how well the program reaches the goals of increased agency for adolescent girls, relationships that enable fulfillment of girls rights, and changes in gender inequitable social norms. These outcomes have the ultimate aim of reducing child, early and forced marriage.

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Tipping Point Girls’ Survey- Nepal

A quantitative tool used in Tipping Point's randomized control trial evaluation.

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Tipping Point Boys’ Survey- Nepal

A quantitative tool used in Tipping Point's randomized control trial evaluation.

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Tipping Point Community Survey- Nepal

A quantitative tool used in Tipping Point's randomized control trial evaluation.

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Tipping Point Girls’ Survey- Bangladesh

A quantitative tool used in Tipping Point's randomized control trial evaluation.

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Tipping Point Community Survey- Bangladesh

A quantitative tool used in Tipping Point's randomized control trial evaluation.

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Tipping Point Norm by Norm Focus Group Discussion- Adolescent Boys

A qualitative tool to assess norms and norms change as a part of Tipping Point's Phase 2 impact evaluation

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Tipping Point Norm by Norm Focus Group Discussion- Adolescent Girls

A qualitative tool to assess norms and norms change as a part of Tipping Point's Phase 2 impact evaluation

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Tipping Point Norm by Norm Focus Group Discussion- Parents

A qualitative tool to assess norms and norms change as a part of Tipping Point's Phase 2 impact evaluation

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Tipping Point Vignette Focus Group Discussion- Adolescent Boys

A qualitative tool to assess norms and norms change as a part of Tipping Point's Phase 2 impact evaluation

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Tipping Point Vignette Focus Group Discussion- Adolescent Girls

A qualitative tool to assess norms and norms change as a part of Tipping Point's Phase 2 impact evaluation

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Tipping Point In-Depth Interview Guide- Adolescent Boys

A qualitative tool used in Tipping Point's Phase 2 Impact Evaluation

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Tipping Point In-Depth Interview Guide- Adolescent Girls

A qualitative tool used in Tipping Point's Phase 2 Impact Evaluation

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Tipping Point Key Informant Interview Guide

A qualitative tool used in Tipping Point's Phase 2 Impact Evaluation

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Tipping Point Rolling Profile- Adolescent Girls

The Rolling Profile is a monitoring tool for collecting longitudinal data every 4-6 months to assess changes in participants’ attitudes, perceptions and reported behavior over the course of the intervention. This monitoring tool is a semi-structured interview developed to assess progress towards Tipping Point’s outcomes, with specific focus on relational-level change, i.e. adolescents’ connectedness with their parents and parents’ understanding of the life, concerns and aspirations of their children. The interviews also monitor changes in gendered expectations, based on perceived gender roles.

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Tipping Point Rolling Profile- Adolescent Boys

The Rolling Profile is a monitoring tool for collecting longitudinal data every 4-6 months to assess changes in participants’ attitudes, perceptions and reported behavior over the course of the intervention. This monitoring tool is a semi-structured interview developed to assess progress towards Tipping Point’s outcomes, with specific focus on relational-level change, i.e. adolescents’ connectedness with their parents and parents’ understanding of the life, concerns and aspirations of their children. The interviews also monitor changes in gendered expectations, based on perceived gender roles.

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Tipping Point Rolling Profile- Mothers

The Rolling Profile is a monitoring tool for collecting longitudinal data every 4-6 months to assess changes in participants’ attitudes, perceptions and reported behavior over the course of the intervention. This monitoring tool is a semi-structured interview developed to assess progress towards Tipping Point’s outcomes, with specific focus on relational-level change, i.e. adolescents’ connectedness with their parents and parents’ understanding of the life, concerns and aspirations of their children. The interviews also monitor changes in gendered expectations, based on perceived gender roles.

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Tipping Point Rolling Profile- Fathers

The Rolling Profile is a monitoring tool for collecting longitudinal data every 4-6 months to assess changes in participants’ attitudes, perceptions and reported behavior over the course of the intervention. This monitoring tool is a semi-structured interview developed to assess progress towards Tipping Point’s outcomes, with specific focus on relational-level change, i.e. adolescents’ connectedness with their parents and parents’ understanding of the life, concerns and aspirations of their children. The interviews also monitor changes in gendered expectations, based on perceived gender roles.

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Tipping Point Facilitator Observation Tool

The Facilitator Observation tool is used to record observations on facilitation skills during a session with either girls, boys, mothers and fathers. This tool is used to monitor both the progression of individual facilitators’ skills as well as the average skill level of facilitators across an area. Around 10% of sessions are observed every month to ensure implementation fidelity to the standards set by Tipping Point.

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Tipping Point Participant Feedback Session Report- Adolescents

After each session observation, we host an opportunity for participant feedback. Senior implementing partner staff collect feedback through participatory tools. Girls, boys, mothers and fathers provide input at least once every six months.

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Tipping Point Participant Feedback Session Report- Parents

After each session observation, we host an opportunity for participant feedback. Senior implementing partner staff collect feedback through participatory tools. Girls, boys, mothers and fathers provide input at least once every six months.

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Tipping Point Process Documentation (Event) Report

After a Tipping Point community event, either of a social norms event or a girl-led activism event has taken place, the facilitator will fill out this tool so we can understand the process of community-led social norms programming. This will also monitor what backlash occurred and any support needed.

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Tipping Point Home Visit Report

A Home Visit report is filled by a Field Facilitator when a TP participant is identified at risk of dropping out of the program. These tools monitor the fidelity of the program, by assessing the reasons for dropping out and encouraging the participants to rejoin, by explaining the purpose and importance of the Tipping Point sessions.

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Tipping Point Attendance Tool: Adolescents

An attendance tool for Tipping Point Phase 2 programming in Nepal and Bangladesh

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Tipping Point Attendance Tool: Parents

An attendance tool for Tipping Point Phase 2 programming in Nepal and Bangladesh

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Tipping Point Attendance Tool: Opinion Leaders

An attendance tool for Tipping Point Phase 2 programming in Nepal and Bangladesh

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Tipping Point Attendance Tool: Intergroup Dialogues

An attendance tool for Tipping Point Phase 2 programming in Nepal and Bangladesh

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Tipping Point Attendance Tool: Community Events

An attendance tool for Tipping Point Phase 2 programming in Nepal and Bangladesh

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Phase 1 Monitoring and Evaluation Tools

Phase 1 Vision of Change

Phase 1 of Tipping Point (2013-2017) addresses child marriage through a dynamic process of innovation, insight, and influence through advocacy in Nepal and Bangladesh. In 16 sub-districts of Nepal and 90 villages of Bangladesh, the project works with adolescent girls and boys, parents, community and religious leaders, and nationally with networks of social activists, experts, and government agencies. These areas are both geographically and economically isolated from other regions. CARE expects this learning and innovation initiative to contribute to global understanding of the complex issues driving child marriage and strategies that can contribute to a “tipping point” of sustainable change to prevent child marriage and create viable alternative paths for adolescent girls.

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Tipping Point MEL Methods Brief: Photovoice

During Phase 1, Tipping Point evaluation drew upon multiple methods for assessing the project’s contributions to changes at community and individual levels, including Photovoice, a highly participatory method of evaluation that simultaneously builds skills and amplifies the participant’s own voice. Tipping Point’s experience with Photovoice is described in this brief for practitioners and researchers who may wish to apply this methodology to another evaluation or learning process. Available in English, French, and Spanish.

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Tipping Point MEL Methods Brief: Sensemaker

SenseMaker®, a narrative-based approach that involves the collection of short stories from targeted participant groups in response to a common prompt, is one of the methodologies used during the Phase 1 evaluation to measure social norms change. In this brief, the Tipping Point’s experience with SenseMaker® is described, including the methodology for data collection and analysis and lessons learned in the process. Available in English, French, and Spanish.

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Tipping Point MEL Methods Brief: Social Norms Measurement

The combined analysis of qualitative data from the FDGs, Photovoice and Sensemaker has proven to be an innovative way to measure Tipping Point’s role in shifting social norms in Bangladesh and Nepal. The SNAP framework is central to understanding social norms change by informing not only tool construction but also providing an analytical framework that ties research directly to program design. This brief reviews how Tipping Point combined these approaches to measure social norm. Available in English, French, and Spanish.

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Tipping Point MEL Methods Brief: Outcome Mapping

The principal tool enlisted by Tipping Point in Phase 1 for monitoring, reflection, and learning was Outcome Mapping. This brief describes how Tipping Point used the outcome mapping approach to drive programmatic learning, with the aim of helping practitioners and researchers to adapt and apply this methodology to other evaluations.

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Tipping Point Phase 1 Focus Group Discussion- Adolescents

Tipping Point Phase 1 was unique in that it moved beyond standard discourse and approaches that aim to address child marriage and adopted a specific focus on gendered social norms as a key contributing factor to processes of change. A 2017 qualitative evaluation of Tipping Point in Bangladesh and Nepal incorporated multiple approaches to measuring the status of social norms using different methods. CARE’s Social Norms Analysis Plot (SNAP) framework tool informed the development of tools and the sequencing of different phases of data collection allowed for refining the tools as needed between phases. This brief provides an overview of the various tools used in the evaluation and how they contributed to assessing social norm change within Tipping point communities.

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Tipping Point Phase 1 Focus Group Discussion- Parents

Tipping Point Phase 1 was unique in that it moved beyond standard discourse and approaches that aim to address child marriage and adopted a specific focus on gendered social norms as a key contributing factor to processes of change. A 2017 qualitative evaluation of Tipping Point in Bangladesh and Nepal incorporated multiple approaches to measuring the status of social norms using different methods. CARE’s Social Norms Analysis Plot (SNAP) framework tool informed the development of tools and the sequencing of different phases of data collection allowed for refining the tools as needed between phases. This brief provides an overview of the various tools used in the evaluation and how they contributed to assessing social norm change within Tipping point communities.

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Tipping Point Phase 1 Focus Group Discussion- Religious Leaders

Tipping Point Phase 1 was unique in that it moved beyond standard discourse and approaches that aim to address child marriage and adopted a specific focus on gendered social norms as a key contributing factor to processes of change. A 2017 qualitative evaluation of Tipping Point in Bangladesh and Nepal incorporated multiple approaches to measuring the status of social norms using different methods. CARE’s Social Norms Analysis Plot (SNAP) framework tool informed the development of tools and the sequencing of different phases of data collection allowed for refining the tools as needed between phases. This brief provides an overview of the various tools used in the evaluation and how they contributed to assessing social norm change within Tipping point communities.

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Tipping Point Phase 1 Photovoice Tool

Tipping Point Phase 1 was unique in that it moved beyond standard discourse and approaches that aim to address child marriage and adopted a specific focus on gendered social norms as a key contributing factor to processes of change. A 2017 qualitative evaluation of Tipping Point in Bangladesh and Nepal incorporated multiple approaches to measuring the status of social norms using different methods. CARE’s Social Norms Analysis Plot (SNAP) framework tool informed the development of tools and the sequencing of different phases of data collection allowed for refining the tools as needed between phases. This brief provides an overview of the various tools used in the evaluation and how they contributed to assessing social norm change within Tipping point communities.

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Tipping Point Phase 1 Sensemaker Tool

SenseMaker®, a narrative-based approach that involves the collection of short stories from targeted participant groups in response to a common prompt, is one of the methodologies used during the Phase 1 evaluation to measure social norms change.

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Formative Research and Tools

Cultural Context of Child Marriage in Nepal and Bangladesh

The Tipping Point Community Participatory Analysis Study was designed to deepen understanding of the contextual factors and root causes driving the prevalence of child marriage in particular regions of Nepal and Bangladesh. The three main areas of inquiry offer insights into the vulnerability to child marriage, the specific drivers of the practice, and the dreams and reactions of adolescents affected by child marriage.

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Policy Brief: Cultural Context of Child Marriage in Nepal and Bangladesh (CPA)

The Tipping Point Community Participatory Analysis Study was designed to deepen understanding of the contextual factors and root causes driving the prevalence of child marriage in particular regions of Nepal and Bangladesh. The three main areas of inquiry offer insights into the vulnerability to child marriage, the specific drivers of the practice, and the dreams and reactions of adolescents affected by child marriage.

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Methods Brief: Cultural Context of Child Marriage in Nepal and Bangladesh (CPA)

The Tipping Point Community Participatory Analysis Study was designed to deepen understanding of the contextual factors and root causes driving the prevalence of child marriage in particular regions of Nepal and Bangladesh. The three main areas of inquiry offer insights into the vulnerability to child marriage, the specific drivers of the practice, and the dreams and reactions of adolescents affected by child marriage.

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Cultural Context of Child Marriage in Nepal

The Tipping Point Community Participatory Analysis Study was designed to deepen understanding of the contextual factors and root causes driving the prevalence of child marriage in particular regions of Nepal. The three main areas of inquiry offer insights into the vulnerability to child marriage, the specific drivers of the practice, and the dreams and reactions of adolescents affected by child marriage.

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Cultural Context of Child Marriage in Bangladesh

The Tipping Point Community Participatory Analysis Study was designed to deepen understanding of the contextual factors and root causes driving the prevalence of child marriage in particular regions of Bangladesh. The three main areas of inquiry offer insights into the vulnerability to child marriage, the specific drivers of the practice, and the dreams and reactions of adolescents affected by child marriage.

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Tipping Point Community Participatory Analysis Toolkit

The Tipping Point Community Participatory Analysis (CPA) Study was designed to deepen understanding of the contextual factors and root causes driving the prevalence of child marriage in a particular region of Bangladesh which has high rates of the practice. The findings were also intended to inform innovative and context-specific program design. With regard to monitoring and evaluation, the CPA study’s purpose was to provide clarity on outcomes and measures to focus on the project’s overall monitoring, evaluation, and learning activities, and to provide baseline data for some indicators of change for use in the future.

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